Posted on by Danielle Schwartz

Insecticide-Coated Solar-Powered Lamp: Initial Research

https://www.malariaconsortium.org/pages/110.htm

(“Malaria Consortium – Long Lasting Insecticidal Nets,” n.d.)

  • LLINs treated in the factory
  • insecticide lasts at least 20 washes (lab tested)
  • lasts 3 years in the field
  • current LLIN frontrunners use the following key ingredients:
    • 2% permethrin (used by Olyset Net)
    • deltamethrin (used by PermaNet)
    • alphacypermenthrin (Interceptor)

 

http://www.mosquitoworld.net/mosquito-control/insecticide/

(“Mosquito Insecticide,” n.d.)

  • 2 popular insecticides:
    • Malathion
      • organophosphate
      • often used to treat crops against wide variety of insects
      • sprayed directly on vegetation or as a fog treatment on yard (5% solution)
      • poses no threats to humans or wildlife in these amounts
    • Permethrin
      • pyrethroid
      • synthetic for of natural insecticide found in chrysanthemum flowers
      • applied as a mist (mixed with oil or water)
      • not harmful to humans or animals in small amounts
      • toxic to fish and bees
    • both kill mosquitoes by disrupting their CNSs
    • both work for several days but break down over time, especially in rain
  • repeated use can lead to insecticide resistance in mosquito populations

 

https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(18)30427-6/fulltext

(Protopopoff et al., 2018)

  • Actellic 300CS by Syngenta of Switzerland is effective for up to 10 months when used for indoor residual spraying
    • organophosphate pirimipohs-methyl

 

https://www.ingentaconnect.com/contentone/scs/chimia/2016/00000070/00000010/art00008?crawler=true

(Hoppé, Hueter, Bywater, Wege, & Maienfisch, 2016)

  • VERY USEFUL STUDY ON AGROCHEMICALS FOR VECTOR CONTROL
  • intended for pyrethroid-resistant mosquitoes after IRS (indoor residual spraying)
  • results in at least 9 months of control vs. 3 months from current pyrethroid alternatives

 

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/06/150609092805.htm

(“Light trap lures more mosquitoes, fewer bugs you don’t need to kill,” n.d.)

  • blacklight traps are most effective at trapping mosquitoes and simultaneously capturing the fewest “non-target insects”
  • (study published in Florida Entomologist)

“Black lights produce a light that is considerably more attractive to insects,” Kaufman said. “Humans cannot see ‘UV,’ so what we are really seeing in a ‘black light’ or bug zapper light are the wavelengths that don’t quite make it to the UV spectrum. Insects, however, see it quite clearly, and many like it.
“The light traps essentially catch anything that is small enough to get sucked in when they get close to the mouth at the top of the trap,” he said.

 

http://www.mosquitoworld.net/mosquito-control/traps/

(“Mosquito Traps,” n.d.)

  • “…just one or two of these ingenious devices can kill thousands of mosquitoes and all but wipe out a local population”
  • many traps use a combination of lighting displays and artificial smells to attract mosquitoes
  • mosquitoes detect C02, octenol, and other chemical odors
  • Mosquito Magnet and Skeetervac burn propane for power and to release C02.
  • certain species respond in different ways
    • Asian tiger mosquito (transmits dengue!) is a daytime biter; more responsive to visual attractants
  • “can take as much as two months to kill enough female mosquitoes to collapse local mosquito populations”
  • according to university study, Mega-Catch Ultra mosquito trap outperformed competitors
    • $900!!!

 

http://npic.orst.edu/pest/mosquito/mosqcides.html

(“Pesticides Used in Mosquito Control,” n.d.)

  • larvicides – applied directly to water to control mosquito larvae
  • adulticides – used in fogging and spraying to control adult mosquitoes
  • synergists – not toxic to mosquitoes themselves but make adulticides more effective
  • resmethrin
    • “In the soil, resmethrin has a half-life of 30 days and is primarily broken down by sunlight. Resmethrin does not mix well with water and binds tightly to the soil, so resmethrin will not be likely to move through the soil. These characteristics make it unlikely for resmethrin to get into groundwater. Resmethrin does not significantly evaporate into the air from the surface of soil or water.

      Researchers applied resmethrin to surfaces exposed to sunlight and observed a half-life of 20-90 minutes. When researchers studied resmethrin indoors, resmethrin broke down within a few hours from exposure to natural sunlight.

      Resmethrin is not toxic to plants. Researchers applied resmethrin to tomato and lettuce plants and found that 55 to 82% of resmethrin was broken down within 2 hours. No resmethrin remained on the plants after 5 days.” (“Pesticides Used in Mosquito Control,” n.d.)

  • permethrin – LIKELY CARCINOGEN according to US EPA

 

http://www.vdci.net/blog/mosquito-surveillance-traps-are-they-all-the-same

(The VDCI Team, 2017)

  • BG-Sentinel Trap
    • for Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti
    • made of a tarp-like material, size of 5-gallon bucket
    • utilizes an attractant such as Octenol lure, human scent lure, or CO2
    • funnel at the top leads mosquitoes to an electric fan (battery powered) that pulls them into a collection net
  • CDC Light Trap
    • powered by a 6V battery with a motorized fan and mosquito collection cup
    • portable
    • accompanied by a small light and CO2 bait source
    • drawn in at the top, forced downward by the fan into the inescapable collection net
    • better for nighttime-active species

References

Hoppé, M., Hueter, O. F., Bywater, A., Wege, P., & Maienfisch, P. (2016). Evaluation of Commercial Agrochemicals as New Tools for Malaria Vector Control. CHIMIA International Journal for Chemistry, 70(10), 721–729. https://doi.org/10.2533/chimia.2016.721

Light trap lures more mosquitoes, fewer bugs you don’t need to kill. (n.d.). Retrieved April 17, 2019, from ScienceDaily website: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/06/150609092805.htm

Malaria Consortium – Long Lasting Insecticidal Nets. (n.d.). Retrieved April 17, 2019, from https://www.malariaconsortium.org:443/pages/110.htm

Mosquito Insecticide. (n.d.). Retrieved April 17, 2019, from Mosquito World website: http://www.mosquitoworld.net/mosquito-control/insecticide/

Mosquito Traps. (n.d.). Retrieved April 17, 2019, from Mosquito World website: http://www.mosquitoworld.net/mosquito-control/traps/

PermaNet is the leading long-lasting insecticide-treated bed net. (n.d.). Retrieved April 17, 2019, from https://www.vestergaard.com/our-products/permanet

Pesticides Used in Mosquito Control. (n.d.). Retrieved April 17, 2019, from http://npic.orst.edu/pest/mosquito/mosqcides.html

Protopopoff, N., Mosha, J. F., Lukole, E., Charlwood, J. D., Wright, A., Mwalimu, C. D., … Rowland, M. (2018). Effectiveness of a long-lasting piperonyl butoxide-treated insecticidal net and indoor residual spray interventions, separately and together, against malaria transmitted by pyrethroid-resistant mosquitoes: a cluster, randomised controlled, two-by-two factorial design trial. The Lancet, 391(10130), 1577–1588. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30427-6

The VDCI Team. (2017, February 23). Mosquito Surveillance Traps: Are They All The Same? Retrieved April 17, 2019, from http://www.vdci.net/blog/mosquito-surveillance-traps-are-they-all-the-same